Wet processes in the atmosphere, such as clouds and precipitation, have a strong impact on the concentrations and chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols. New findings from the study show that when air masses travel to the SMEAR II research station located in a rural boreal forest site in Finland in northern Europe, the concentrations of chemical species contained in the particles (such as sulphate, black carbon and organics) significantly decrease upon a precipitation event, i.e., rain. The derived removal rate of sulphate from the atmosphere was dependent on the season, whereas organics and black carbon were reduced more evenly, regardless of the season. The researchers also observed that a significant amount of sulphate mass is formed in non-precipitating clouds, and they could determine the particle size to which the sulphate formed is distributed.
The researchers utilised long time series of aerosols concentrations measured in the SMEAR II research station, and air mass trajectories arriving to the measurement station, calculated from the HYSPLIT trajectory model.
The results can, among other things, improve the ability of climate models to estimate the transport of aerosols to different areas, and thus better estimate the number of aerosols on the planet. Current climate models have major inaccuracies especially in the transport of aerosols to the Arctic region. This is reflected as uncertainty in climate models when assessing the impact of aerosols on the Arctic climate, which is particularly susceptible to the effects of climate change.
Research article:
Isokääntä, S., Kim, P., Mikkonen, S., Kühn, T., Kokkola, H., Yli-Juuti, T., Heikkinen, L., Luoma, K., Petäjä, T., Kipling, Z., Partridge, D., and Virtanen, A.: The effect of clouds and precipitation on the aerosol concentrations and composition in a boreal forest environment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11823–11843, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11823-2022, 2022.
Contact
For further information, please contact:
Sini Isokääntä, Doctoral Researcher
sini.isokaanta(a)uef.fi
Annele Virtanen, Professor
annele.virtanen(a)uef.fi